Weather conditions at planting and harvest seemed to plague farmers in 2011. Despite frustrating meteorological developments, Ohio State University experts say continuous improvements in corn genetics and traits allowed producers to record impressive yields this year.
“Seed companies are screening hybrids and genetics on such a huge scale now that they are able to sort, screen and filter genetics that won’t work under these conditions,” says Peter Thomison, OSU Extension corn specialist and professor of horticulture and crop science. “The plant can now tolerate a number of stress conditions and still have phenomenal yield potential.”
Thomison says that university experts across the country make significant contributions to the continuing development of crop genetics, and credited a competitive private industry for the strength of their offerings to farmers in recent years.
In fact, he notes that the partnership between work done throughout the Land-grant system and in private industry has largely fueled the productivity of American agriculture over the past century.
“University breeders are focused primarily on traits, some of the value-added traits in nutrition or pest management,” Thomison explains.
Matt Sullivan, assistant manager of OSU’s Farm Science Review, agrees that corn genetics are stronger than ever. Responsible in part for management of the 1,400+ crop acres of the Molly Caren Agricultural Center outside London, he and his colleagues annually evaluate the latest in agricultural production technologies.
He says that in a year when planting date was a major concern for farmers, the quality of the seed going into the ground made a significant difference in the success of the crop.
“What we’re seeing is that the new genetics are just tremendous,” Sullivan says. “We’re planting the newest genetics in soybeans and corn, and from a farmer’s perspective, these corn hybrids are able to withstand what I would call extreme pressures, including heat and drought stress, and those traits are attributing to the overall increase in crop yield.”
Thomison says he has seen rapid improvements in corn genetics in the past few decades; improvements that have allowed farmers to extract previously incomprehensible yield potential from the crop.
“When I first came here in the late 1980s, if we were over 30,000 plants/acre, we were very susceptible to lodging under stressful conditions,” he noted. “Now at least 40% of final field populations are over 30,000, and we don’t see the stalk lodging that we did in those days. That’s one example of the work plant breeders and geneticists have done to improve the plant. You have growers now really pushing plant populations, and they are able to do so because of the improvements in stalk quality.”